What do cities that have preserved their historic buildings and streets offer travellers, according to paragraph 1?

Use your own words to explain what the text means by:

Reread paragraph 2 (‘The drive … good as harm.’) .

Give two changes that the early campaigners opposed.

Reread paragraph 4 (‘The appetite … modern office block.’) .

Identify two reasons why residents want to protect older buildings and streets.

Reread paragraphs 5 and 6 (‘Local councils … care of a surgeon.’) .

According to Text B, what features help make a city genuinely historic?

Use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own words as far as possible.

Your summary should be no more than 120 words.

Up to 10 marks are available for reading and up to 5 marks for writing.

Assess the writer’s attitude towards the idea of a historical city.

Use three details from Text B to support your answer.

Identify a word or phrase from the text which suggests the same idea as the underlined words:

Use your own words to explain what the writer means by each of the words in bold:

She leaned out, scrutinised us and our packs, then vanished from view. A minute later, the door beneath her swung open and she beckoned us inside as if she had been expecting us.

Use one example from the text below to explain how the writer uses language to suggest Astrid’s growing unease and frustration with Rin’s shortcut.

Use your own words in your explanation.

We were three weeks into a summer with no fixed plan. Rin had proposed the trip and the long, exhausting walks between towns; now she proposed a shortcut. ‘It’s a genuine hiking trail,’ she said, unfolding a battered map. ‘It saves ten kilometres.’ She tapped the faded line with a cheerful certainty that would once have reassured me but now unsettled me. I swallowed my doubts, though. We set off along the narrow, uneven track, and by dusk it had led us to a strange town that did not appear anywhere on the map. I wanted to say some choice words to Rin, but again I held my tongue.

Choose three powerful words or phrases from the extract below to analyse how the writer uses language to describe the travellers’ experience in the plaza as evening falls.

We found a fountain in the centre of the plaza and sank onto its edge, exhausted and unsure where to go. Its basin was dry, holding only a skin of dust and a few curled leaves. We got up and tried our luck, heading to the nearest home. A man inside watched football and did not stir when we knocked. A boy nearby on a bicycle eyed our packs, pointed back along the road we had already walked, then rode off round the corner. The light was draining from the sky, and shadows the colour of spilled ink blotted the ground. Above us, there was a startled flutter. A flock of swallows was heading home.

Write about 200 to 250 words.

Up to 10 marks are available for the content of your answer.

[Total: 20]

You are Rin. That evening, after you and Astrid have been welcomed into the old woman’s home, you write a journal entry about the day.

In your journal entry, you should:

• explain how you and Astrid came to be lost and why you made the decisions you did
• describe what happened when you reached the town and how your feelings changed as the evening went on
• reflect on what the old woman’s kindness meant to you and what you have learned from the experience

Write your journal entry in role as Rin. Base your answer on what you have read in Text C, but be careful to use your own words. Address each of the three bullet points.

Write about 250 to 350 words.

Up to 10 marks are available for reading and up to 10 marks for writing.